HTML Elements

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag * Element content End tag *
 This is a paragraph 
<a href="default.htm"> This is a link </a>
 
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax

 An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
 An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
 The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
 Some HTML elements have empty content
 Empty elements are closed in the start tag
 Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Nested HTML Elements
Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
This is my first paragraph.
</body>

</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.
HTML Example Explained
The element:
This is my first paragraph.
The element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag and an end tag .
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
This is my first paragraph.
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>

<body>
This is my first paragraph.
</body>

</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
Don't Forget the End Tag
Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
 is an empty element without a closing tag (the tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like , is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags
HTML tags are not case sensitive: means the same as . Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.